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Titanium Surface Technology of Electrodeposition of ruthenium

Operating conditions of the test parameters of ruthenium trichloride, 3.0-9.0g / I current density of 0.5 ~ 1.0A/din additives 20 ~ 3Og / i time depends on the thickness of the ammonium chloride 5.0g/ipH value of 3. O ~ 6.0 amino acid 12.0g / L current efficiency 20Yoo ~ 25% o hardening of trace elements in titanium mesh anode coated iridium electrode temperature Ta 40 ~ 60 ℃ 2 Results and discussion process in the electrodeposition of ruthenium, we should pay attention to ruthenium ions on the cathode with kinetic problems. Experiments show that when the ruthenium ion concentration and amino acid (ammonium) concentration is essentially the same time, can form complex electrical activity; by the computation, a sulphamate plating ruthenium chloride solution,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], ERu (H. 0) × NH. SO] structure, the results show that: in certain deposition conditions, increasing the current density had no significant effect on ruthenium, and reduce the concentration of metal ions in the electrolyte on the ruthenium film has no effect on the grain]. 2.1 Temperature For decorative plating ruthenium or their alloys, the temperature of the coating outside 5 No. 4 Yang Wu et al: Titanium Surface Technology of Electrodeposition of ruthenium, when 13.1 V, can detect more than a simple aqueous solution of ruthenium trichloride large current of more than 15 times. and can be seen, with a further increase in the concentration of complexing agent, and its increasing influence on the current density is not obvious. At a concentration of 14 ~ 22g / I, when is enough, more good. In addition, thin decorative plating ruthenium,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the compound complexing agent content can be lower, concentration of 11g / L can be. 2.5 Plating time of trial to obtain the ruthenium coating thickness can reach more than 6m,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], plating time length depends entirely on the customer requirements of coating thickness, plating time is too short, the electrodeposition of ruthenium can not completely cover the plate thickness, plating time is too long, thick coating of ruthenium in greatly increased costs also affects the uniformity of coating and bonding strength. Therefore, in the deposition of ruthenium titanium plate was completely covered under the premise of plating time as short as possible, so the plating time control of the test within the 45S. 2.6 coating microscopic analysis 1) SEM analysis. coating surface Xing Mao not only with bath formula,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], process conditions, but also by current density, plating time, pH value and the impact of substrate pretreatment. Ducengxingmao usually HITACHI $ 2520 scanning electron microscope observation, as shown in figure 3 , can be clearly observed in coating morphology, although the coating from the Figure 3 Microstructure of ruthenium magnification Fig.3Investigationofthemicrotopographyofthesurfaceoftherutheniumfilm ruthenium layer is not easy to see that the arrangement of microscopic particles and uniformity, but at higher magnification shown in Figure 4 (Figure 4, Figure 3 magnification 10 times), you can see the arrangement of ruthenium particles very close to the coating can be observed about the size of the particle diameter of 0.8 ~ 1.6m room. to prove that the process of Ru obtained highly uniform and dense coating. 2) XRD analysis. Figure 5 shows the surface coating layer micro X Figure 4 Ru particle morphology Fig.4Microtopographyofthegranulelayeroftheruthe-niumfilm354O455O556O20 / ( .) Figure 5 x-ray diffraction analysis of ruthenium coatings Fig.5TheXraydiffractionspectrumanalysisofelectro.depositedrutheniumthinfilm ray diffraction patterns, it is easy to see from the figure: There are two obvious peaks corresponding to titanium sub another 0 (200) and Ru (101), while the corresponding ruthenium To peak much wider than titanium, and the left-right asymmetry, 'This shows that coating the surface of the Ru crystals are very small, dense cover, leveling performance. 3 Conclusion The test results can explain the process recipe and operation of ruthenium conditions can be practical. 1), ruthenium plating process for plating metal and jewelry in order to improve product quality,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but also enhance the function of protection and surface modification. 2) The additive content is not, but also the coating becomes more uniform and bright and process was made all the necessary raw materials. 3) implementation of ruthenium chloride concentration at the modest three cases, out of good quality can Ruthenium-plated coating. (the switch on page 48)

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